Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print A. Cardiovascular/Hemodynamics Equation Normal Ranges Systemic systolic blood pressure (SBP) 100-140 mm Hg Systemic diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 60-90 mm Hg Pulse pressure (PP) SBP – DBP 30-50 mm Hg Mean arterial pressure (MAP) SBP + (2 × DBP)/3 70-110 mm Hg Mean pulmonary arterial pressure [PASP + (2 × DBP)]/3 10-20 mm Hg Central venous pressure (CVP) 2-6 mm Hg Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) 4-10 mm Hg Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) MAP – RAP/CO × 80 800-1200 dynes s/cm5 Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) MPAP – PAWP/CO × 80 <250 dynes s/cm5 Cardiac output (CO) SV × HR/1000 4.0-8.0 L/min Cardiac index (CI) CO/BSA 2.5-4.0 L/min/m2 Stroke volume (SV) CO/HR × 1000 60-100 mL/beat Stroke index (SI) CI/HR × 1000 33-47 mL/m2/beat Left ventricular stroke work index SVI × (MAP – PAWP) × 0.0136 50-62 g m/m2/beat Right ventricular stroke work index SVI × (MPAP – RAP) × 0.0136 5-10 g m/m2/beat Oxygen delivery (DO2) CO × CaO2 × 10 950-1150 mL/min Oxygen consumption (VO2) CO × (CaO2 – CvO2) × 10 200-250 mL/min Arterial oxygen content (CaO2) 1.39 × SaO2 × (Hgb) + 0.0031 × PaO2 17-20 mL/dL Venous oxygen content (CvO2) 1.39 × SvO2 × (Hgb) + 0.0031 × PaO2 12-15 mL/dL Arterio-venous oxygen content difference (AVO2) CaO2 – CvO2 4-6 mL/dL Oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) CaO2 – CvO2/CaO2 × 100 22%-30% Coronary artery perfusion DBP – PAWP 60-80 mm Hg ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print B. Respiratory Equation Normal Ranges Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 80-100 mm Hg Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) 95%-100% Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) 35-45 mm Hg Alveolar gas equation (PAo2) Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-a gradient) PAo2 – PaO2 5-25 mm Hg (at FIo2 = 0.21) <150 mm Hg (at FIo2 = 1.0) Minute ventilation Respiratory rate × tidal volume 5-6 L/min Dead space fraction (VD/VT) Paco2 – Peco2/Paco2 0.2-0.3 Respiratory system static compliance (Cst) VT/Pplat – PEEP 60 mL/cm H2O Respiratory system dynamic compliance (Cdyn) VT/PIP – PEEP 60 mL/cm H2O Pulmonary capillary oxygen content (CCo2) (Hgb × 1.39 × 1.0) + (0.0031 × PAo2) 20.7 ml O2/dL Shunt fraction (QS/QT) (Cco2 – Cao2)/(Cco2 – Cvo2) <5% Oxygen delivery (Do2) Cao2 × CO × 10 950-1150 mL/min Oxygen consumption ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.