IX.A: Normal Blood, Marrow, and Lymph Node Cells

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IX.A.001

Normal blood cells. Flow cytometry. Staining pattern for CD45 (leukocyte common antigen, LCA) and light scatter. Individual cell populations are illustrated in identical colors on both CD45 vs. side-scatter and forward-angle vs. side-scatter: R2 = lymphocytes (red), R3 = monocytes (pink), R4 = granulocytes (blue), R5 = immature cells (green). Note that in normal blood samples, the immature cell population is negligible, but can be more prominent in blood samples of patients with inflammatory and other reactive states, samples from young infants, and patients who have received hematopoietic growth factor treatment.

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IX.A.002

Normal marrow cells. Flow cytometry. Staining pattern for CD45 (leukocyte common antigen, LCA) and light scatter. Individual cell populations are illustrated in identical colors on both CD45 vs. side-scatter and forward-angle vs. side-scatter plots: R1 = lymphocytes (red), R2 = blasts (green), R3 = monocytes (lavender), R4 = granulocytic precursors (blue). Note that in contrast to normal blood cells, marrow shows a more heterogeneous distribution of cell types, which corresponds to the presence of immature myeloid precursors with lesser degrees of granularity and cell population heterogeneity (e.g., promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and band and segmented neutrophils). The more immature myeloid cells show a dimmer CD45 stain and lower side-scatter, owing to the relatively decreased cytoplasmic granule content in these populations. The dark population in the lower left corner represents predominantly unlysed nucleated erythroid progenitors, which are CD45-negative.

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IX.A.003

Normal lymph node cells. Flow cytometry. Staining pattern for CD45 (leukocyte common antigen, LCA) and light scatter. Staining pattern seen of lymph node cells. The sample is composed predominantly of a single population of (lymphoid) cells with bright CD45 staining and low side-scatter. On light scatter, one usually also sees a single population with low forward-angle and orthogonal (90-degree) light scatter (side-scatter). In some instances, as seen here, one may also see a population with relatively increased forward-angle light scatter. This latter population probably corresponds to reactive germinal center B-cells with large cell (centroblast) cytology.