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Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 27e

Chapter 36: Picornaviruses (Enterovirus and Rhinovirus Groups)

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Which of the following statements about rhinoviruses is correct?

(A) There are three antigenic types.

(B) Amantadine protects against infection.

(C) They do not survive on environmental surfaces.

(D) They are the most frequent causative agent of the common cold.

(E) They share physicochemical similarities with coronaviruses.

A 26-year-old man develops myopericarditis with mild congestive heart failure that increases over several weeks. Coxsackievirus B5 infection is diagnosed. Which of the following clinical syndromes is not associated with coxsackievirus infections?

(A) Herpangina

(B) Myocarditis or pericarditis

(C) Aseptic meningitis

(D) Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

(E) Progressive postpolio muscle atrophy

A 3-month-old child develops fever, restlessness, and unusual crying. These are followed by apparent lethargy. Physical examination shows a normal-appearing infant who is minimally responsive to stimuli. A lumbar puncture yields cerebrospinal fluid with 200 white blood cells per microliter, predominantly lymphocytes. Acute aseptic meningitis is diagnosed, probably caused by an enterovirus. Enteroviruses are characterized by

(A) Latency in sensory ganglia and reactivation primarily in immunocompromised patients

(B) Transmission primarily by the fecal–oral route

(C) The presence of a DNA polymerase enzyme

(D) The entry of cells following binding to the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) receptor

(E) Undergoing antigenic shift and drift

Picornavirus vaccines have been used for several decades in the prevention of human disease. Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) The live, attenuated poliovirus vaccine produces gastrointestinal tract resistance.

(B) There is an effective killed vaccine against the three major types of rhinoviruses.

(C) The live, attenuated poliovirus vaccine induces protective immunity against the closely related coxsackie B viruses.

(D) None of the available echovirus vaccines should be given to immunocompromised patients.

(E) Only the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine is currently recommended for use in the United States.

One month after school has been let out for the summer, a 16-year-old girl develops fever, myalgia, and headache. An outbreak of an illness with similar symptoms caused by an echovirus is known to be occurring in the community. The primary anatomic site of echovirus multiplication in the human host is

(A) The muscular system

(B) The central nervous system

(C) The alimentary tract

(D) The blood and lymph system

(E) The respiratory system

Which of the following properties of enteroviruses is not shared by rhinoviruses?

(A) Single-stranded RNA genome

(B) Production by cleavage of viral proteins from a polyprotein precursor

(C) Resistance to lipid solvents

(D) Stability at acid pH (pH 3.0)

(E) Icosahedral symmetry

A person with asthma has an acute exacerbation with increased lower respiratory illness. A virus is recovered. The isolate is most likely to be which of the following virus types?

(A) Parainfluenza virus

(B) Parechovirus

(C) Rhinovirus

(D) Respiratory syncytial virus

(E) Echovirus

The use of live oral polio vaccine has been replaced by inactivated polio vaccine in many countries. Which of the following is the primary reason?

(A) It is more cost effective to use the inactivated vaccine.

(B) There is a greater risk of vaccine-induced disease than wild virus–induced disease in areas where poliovirus has been eradicated.

(C) Only a single dose of inactivated vaccine is necessary compared with multiple doses of the oral vaccine.

(D) Circulating poliovirus strains have changed and the live vaccine is no longer effective in many countries.

Outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, characterized by oral ulcerations and vesicular rashes, occur and may result in infant deaths. The disease is caused by

(A) Foot-and-mouth disease virus

(B) Chickenpox virus

(C) Nonpolio enteroviruses

(D) Rhinoviruses

(E) Rubella virus

Epidemiologic studies indicate that a core group of enteroviruses is consistently circulating in the United States. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

(A) Members of the core group all display an epidemic pattern of outbreaks of disease.

(B) The group includes about half of the known enteroviruses.

(C) Disease occurs predominantly in adolescents and adults.

(D) Members of the group are all classified as coxsackie A and B viruses.

(E) This core group determines the majority of enterovirus disease.

Each of the following statements concerning rhinoviruses is correct except

(A) Rhinoviruses are one of the most frequent causes of the common cold.

(B) Rhinoviruses grow better at 33°C than at 37°C; thus, they tend to cause disease in the upper respiratory tract rather than the lower respiratory tract.

(C) Rhinoviruses are members of the picornavirus family and resemble poliovirus in their structure and replication.

(D) The immunity provided by the rhinovirus vaccine is excellent because there is only one serotype.

Live, attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are both available. In which one of the following situations is the use of OPV preferred?

(A) Routine infant vaccination

(B) Mass immunization programs in areas of high poliomyelitis endemicity

(C) Adult immunization

(D) Patients who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy

(E) Family contacts of immunocompromised patients

Which of the following statements about enteroviral meningitis is true?

(A) Vaccines are generally available to protect against the disease.

(B) The main symptom is muscle paralysis.

(C) Transmission is usually by the fecal–oral route.

(D) The causative agents do not survive well in the environment.

(E) Recovery is rarely complete.

The major barrier to the control of rhinovirus upper respiratory infections by immunization is

(A) The poor local and systemic immune response to these viruses

(B) The large number of rhinovirus serotypes

(C) The side effects of the vaccine

(D) The inability to grow the viruses in cell culture

Each of the following clinical syndromes is associated with infection by picornaviruses except

(A) Myocarditis or pericarditis

(B) Hepatitis

(C) Mononucleosis

(D) Meningitis

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Chapter 36: Picornaviruses (Enterovirus and Rhinovirus Groups)

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Chapter 36: Picornaviruses (Enterovirus and Rhinovirus Groups)

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