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A previously healthy 3-year-old boy develops a classic viral childhood illness. Which of the following primary viral infections of childhood is usually symptomatic?
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(D) Varicella-zoster virus
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Which one of the following is a recommended therapy for herpes simplex virus genital infection?
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(B) Attenuated live virus vaccine
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(C) Herpes immune globulin
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Most herpesvirus infections are endemic worldwide. Which one of the following viruses shows marked geographic differences in seroprevalence?
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(C) Herpes simplex virus type 2
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(D) Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus
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(E) Varicella-zoster virus
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A 19-year-old female college student has a fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy accompanied by lymphocytosis with atypical cells and an increase in sheep cell agglutinins. The diagnosis is most likely
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(B) Infectious mononucleosis
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(D) Herpes simplex infection
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A Tzanck smear of a scraping obtained from a vesicle on the skin demonstrates multinucleated giant cells. Multinucleated giant cells are associated with which of the following viruses?
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(D) Molluscum contagiosum
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Which of the following statements about betaherpesviruses is not true?
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(A) They establish latent infections and persist indefinitely in infected hosts.
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(B) They are reactivated in immunocompromised patients.
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(C) Most infections are subclinical.
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(D) They can infect lymphoid cells.
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(E) They have short, cytolytic growth cycles in cultured cells.
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A 28-year-old woman has recurrent genital herpes. Which of the following statements about genital herpes infections is true?
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(A) Reactivation of latent virus during pregnancy poses no threat to the newborn.
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(B) Virus cannot be transmitted in the absence of apparent lesions.
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(C) Recurrent episodes caused by reactivation of latent virus tend to be more severe than the primary infection.
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(D) They can be caused by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2.
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(E) Latent herpes simplex virus can be found in dendritic cells.
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Which of the following viruses causes a mononucleosis-like syndrome and is excreted in the urine?
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(D) Varicella-zoster virus
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(E) Herpes simplex virus type 2
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A 53-year-old woman develops fever and focal neurologic signs. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a left temporal lobe lesion. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate to confirm a diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis in this patient?
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(C) Polymerase chain reaction assay for viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid
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(D) Serologic test for viral IgM antibody
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Which of the following tumors is caused by a virus other than Epstein-Barr virus?
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(A) Posttransplant lymphomas
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(D) AIDS-related central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphomas
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An outbreak of a rash called “mat herpes” occurred among high school students who had competed in a wrestling tournament. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
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(A) The rash is not contagious among wrestlers.
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(B) The causative agent is herpes simplex virus type 1.
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(C) The causative agent is varicella-zoster virus.
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(D) Lesions typically last 1 month or longer.
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(E) Students should be vaccinated before participating in wrestling tournaments.
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The shingles vaccine is recommended for which of the following groups?
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(B) Individuals older than age 60 years
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(D) Those who never had chickenpox
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The most common congenital infection is caused by
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(A) Varicella-zoster virus
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(B) Herpes simplex virus type 2
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(C) Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus)
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Which of the following groups are at increased risk for herpes zoster?
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(A) Persons at advanced age
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(B) Patients with atopic dermatitis
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(D) Persons who have been vaccinated with varicella vaccine
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(E) Infants with congenital infections
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Which one of the following is the best explanation for the selective action of acyclovir (acycloguanosine) in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells?
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(A) Acyclovir binds specifically to viral receptors only on the surface of the HSV-infected cell.
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(B) Acyclovir is phosphorylated by a virus-encoded phosphokinase only within HSV-infected cells.
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(C) Acyclovir selectively inhibits the RNA polymerase in the HSV virion.
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(D) Acyclovir specifically blocks the matrix protein of HSV, thereby preventing release of progeny HSV.
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Each of the following statements concerning herpesvirus latency is correct except
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(A) Exogenous stimuli can cause reactivation of latent infection, with induction of symptomatic disease.
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(B) During latency, antiviral antibody is not demonstrable in the sera of infected individuals.
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(C) Reactivation of latent herpesviruses is more common in patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity than in immunocompetent patients.
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(D) Virus can be recovered from latently infected cells by cocultivation with susceptible cells.
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Vaccines have been demonstrated to be efficacious in preventing herpesvirus disease in which one of the following situations?
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(A) Herpes simplex virus type 1 primary infection
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(B) Herpes simplex virus type 2 reactivation
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(C) Varicella-zoster reactivation
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(D) Cytomegalovirus primary infection
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(E) Epstein-Barr virus reactivation
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Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus share many features. Which one of the following features is least likely to be shared?
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(A) Important cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn
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(B) Congenital abnormalities caused by transplacental passage
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(C) Important cause of serious disease in immunosuppressed individuals
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(D) Mild or inapparent infection
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is distinct from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in several different ways. Which one of the following is the least accurate statement?
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(A) HSV-1 causes lesions above the umbilicus more frequently than HSV-2 does.
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(B) Infection by HSV-1 is not associated with any tumors in humans.
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(C) Antiserum to HSV-1 neutralizes HSV-1 much more effectively than HSV-2.
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(D) Whereas HSV-1 causes frequent recurrences, HSV-2 infection rarely recurs.
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Each of the following statements concerning Epstein-Barr virus is correct except
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(A) Many infections are mild or inapparent.
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(B) The earlier in life primary infection is acquired, the more likely the typical picture of infectious mononucleosis will be manifest.
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(C) Latently infected lymphocytes regularly persist after an acute episode of infection.
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(D) Infection confers immunity against second episodes of infectious mononucleosis.