Home Books Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 27e

Chapter 33: Herpesviruses

A previously healthy 3-year-old boy develops a classic viral childhood illness. Which of the following primary viral infections of childhood is usually symptomatic?

(A) Cytomegalovirus

(B) Epstein-Barr virus

(C) Hepatitis B virus

(D) Varicella-zoster virus

(E) Parvovirus B19

Which one of the following is a recommended therapy for herpes simplex virus genital infection?

(A) Acyclovir

(B) Attenuated live virus vaccine

(C) Herpes immune globulin

(D) Interferon-α

(E) Ribavirin

Most herpesvirus infections are endemic worldwide. Which one of the following viruses shows marked geographic differences in seroprevalence?

(A) Cytomegalovirus

(B) Epstein-Barr virus

(C) Herpes simplex virus type 2

(D) Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus

(E) Varicella-zoster virus

A 19-year-old female college student has a fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy accompanied by lymphocytosis with atypical cells and an increase in sheep cell agglutinins. The diagnosis is most likely

(A) Infectious hepatitis

(B) Infectious mononucleosis

(C) Chickenpox

(D) Herpes simplex infection

(E) Viral meningitis

A Tzanck smear of a scraping obtained from a vesicle on the skin demonstrates multinucleated giant cells. Multinucleated giant cells are associated with which of the following viruses?

(A) Varicella-zoster

(B) Variola major

(C) Coxsackievirus

(D) Molluscum contagiosum

Which of the following statements about betaherpesviruses is not true?

(A) They establish latent infections and persist indefinitely in infected hosts.

(B) They are reactivated in immunocompromised patients.

(C) Most infections are subclinical.

(D) They can infect lymphoid cells.

(E) They have short, cytolytic growth cycles in cultured cells.

A 28-year-old woman has recurrent genital herpes. Which of the following statements about genital herpes infections is true?

(A) Reactivation of latent virus during pregnancy poses no threat to the newborn.

(B) Virus cannot be transmitted in the absence of apparent lesions.

(C) Recurrent episodes caused by reactivation of latent virus tend to be more severe than the primary infection.

(D) They can be caused by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2.

(E) Latent herpes simplex virus can be found in dendritic cells.

Which of the following viruses causes a mononucleosis-like syndrome and is excreted in the urine?

(A) Cytomegalovirus

(B) Epstein-Barr virus

(C) Human herpesvirus 6

(D) Varicella-zoster virus

(E) Herpes simplex virus type 2

A 53-year-old woman develops fever and focal neurologic signs. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a left temporal lobe lesion. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate to confirm a diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis in this patient?

(A) Brain biopsy

(B) Tzanck smear

(C) Polymerase chain reaction assay for viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid

(D) Serologic test for viral IgM antibody

Which of the following tumors is caused by a virus other than Epstein-Barr virus?

(A) Posttransplant lymphomas

(B) Hodgkin disease

(C) Kaposi sarcoma

(D) AIDS-related central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphomas

(E) Burkitt lymphoma

An outbreak of a rash called “mat herpes” occurred among high school students who had competed in a wrestling tournament. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

(A) The rash is not contagious among wrestlers.

(B) The causative agent is herpes simplex virus type 1.

(C) The causative agent is varicella-zoster virus.

(D) Lesions typically last 1 month or longer.

(E) Students should be vaccinated before participating in wrestling tournaments.

The shingles vaccine is recommended for which of the following groups?

(A) Healthy adolescents

(B) Individuals older than age 60 years

(C) Pregnant women

(D) Those who never had chickenpox

The most common congenital infection is caused by

(A) Varicella-zoster virus

(B) Herpes simplex virus type 2

(C) Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus)

(D) Cytomegalovirus

(E) Parvovirus

Which of the following groups are at increased risk for herpes zoster?

(A) Persons at advanced age

(B) Patients with atopic dermatitis

(C) Pregnant women

(D) Persons who have been vaccinated with varicella vaccine

(E) Infants with congenital infections

Which one of the following is the best explanation for the selective action of acyclovir (acycloguanosine) in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells?

(A) Acyclovir binds specifically to viral receptors only on the surface of the HSV-infected cell.

(B) Acyclovir is phosphorylated by a virus-encoded phosphokinase only within HSV-infected cells.

(C) Acyclovir selectively inhibits the RNA polymerase in the HSV virion.

(D) Acyclovir specifically blocks the matrix protein of HSV, thereby preventing release of progeny HSV.

Each of the following statements concerning herpesvirus latency is correct except

(A) Exogenous stimuli can cause reactivation of latent infection, with induction of symptomatic disease.

(B) During latency, antiviral antibody is not demonstrable in the sera of infected individuals.

(C) Reactivation of latent herpesviruses is more common in patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity than in immunocompetent patients.

(D) Virus can be recovered from latently infected cells by cocultivation with susceptible cells.

Vaccines have been demonstrated to be efficacious in preventing herpesvirus disease in which one of the following situations?

(A) Herpes simplex virus type 1 primary infection

(B) Herpes simplex virus type 2 reactivation

(C) Varicella-zoster reactivation

(D) Cytomegalovirus primary infection

(E) Epstein-Barr virus reactivation

Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus share many features. Which one of the following features is least likely to be shared?

(A) Important cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn

(B) Congenital abnormalities caused by transplacental passage

(C) Important cause of serious disease in immunosuppressed individuals

(D) Mild or inapparent infection

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is distinct from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in several different ways. Which one of the following is the least accurate statement?

(A) HSV-1 causes lesions above the umbilicus more frequently than HSV-2 does.

(B) Infection by HSV-1 is not associated with any tumors in humans.

(C) Antiserum to HSV-1 neutralizes HSV-1 much more effectively than HSV-2.

(D) Whereas HSV-1 causes frequent recurrences, HSV-2 infection rarely recurs.

Each of the following statements concerning Epstein-Barr virus is correct except

(A) Many infections are mild or inapparent.

(B) The earlier in life primary infection is acquired, the more likely the typical picture of infectious mononucleosis will be manifest.

(C) Latently infected lymphocytes regularly persist after an acute episode of infection.

(D) Infection confers immunity against second episodes of infectious mononucleosis.

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Chapter 33: Herpesviruses

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Chapter 33: Herpesviruses

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