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Which of the following statements about chlamydial antigens is correct?
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(A) Chlamydiae have shared group or genus-specific antigens.
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(B) There is no cross-reaction between Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae antigens.
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(C) All five serovars of Chlamydia pneumoniae cross-react with Chlamydia psittaci.
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(D) One serovar of Chlamydia trachomatis causes eye infections, and the second serovar causes genital infections.
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The following are part of the control of Chlamydia psittaci and psittacosis in birds except
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(A) Quarantine of psittacine birds imported into the United States
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(B) Only allowing sale of psittacine birds hatched in the United States
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(C) Testing of birds for C psittaci infection
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(D) Controlling the shipment of psittacine birds
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(E) Putting tetracycline in the feed of psittacine birds
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All of the following statements about perinatal Chlamydia trachomatis infections are correct except
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(A) Between 15% and 40% of infants born to infected women develop inclusion conjunctivitis.
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(B) Between 10% and 20% of infants born to infected women develop infant pneumonia.
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(C) The incubation period for Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion conjunctivitis is 1–2 days.
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(D) The incubation period for infant pneumonia is typically 2–12 weeks.
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(E) Ocular prophylaxis with erythromycin or tetracycline for neonatal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is generally not effective against neonatal Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
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(F) Infant pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis often presents with a staccato cough.
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An adolescent girl came to the clinic because of a new and unusual vaginal discharge. She had recently become sexually active and had two new partners during the previous month. On pelvic examination, a purulent discharge was seen at the opening of her endocervical canal. Which of the following statements about this patient is most correct?
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(A) A serologic test for syphilis is not indicated because her symptoms are not those of syphilis.
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(B) A Gram stain of her endocervical specimen would show Chlamydia trachomatis inside polymorphonuclear cells.
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(C) The differential diagnosis includes infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or both.
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(D) The endocervical specimen should be analyzed for herpes simplex.
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(E) Initial treatment is with ampicillin.
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The following statements about trachoma are correct except
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(A) It follows chronic or recurrent eye infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.
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(B) Millions of people worldwide have trachoma.
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(C) Trachoma is readily prevented by a chlamydial vaccine.
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(D) Progression of trachoma can be slowed by intermittent treatment with azithromycin.
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(E) Trachoma involves scarring of the conjunctiva, eyelid deformities, and eyelash injury to the cornea.
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Elimination of blinding trachoma involves all of the following except
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(A) Periodic administration of azithromycin
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(B) Face washing and hygiene
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(C) Periodic culture screening of conjunctiva swab specimens for Chlamydia trachomatis
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(D) Environment improvements to sewage systems to decrease the number of flies
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(E) Surgery on deformed eyelids
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Which one of the following statements about Chlamydia pneumoniae is most correct?
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(A) Transmission from person to person is by the airborne route.
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(B) It makes glycogen-rich inclusions that stain with iodine.
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(C) There are multiple serovars, including three that cause a systemic illness.
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(D) They are resistant to macrolides.
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(E) The reservoir is house cats.
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The serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis generally can be divided into groups representing their clinical infections and anatomic site infected. Which of the following statements about the C trachomatis serovars is most correct?
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(A) There is no immunologic cross-reaction between Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A, B, Ba, and D and the Chlamydia pneumoniae serovar.
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(B) Serovars L1, L2, and L3 are associated with lymphogranuloma venereum.
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(C) The same Chlamydia trachomatis serovars are associated with blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted infections.
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(D) The antibody titer rise seen beginning around 6–8 years follows infections with Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D–K.
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In the United States, it has long been known that the positive seroprevalence for Chlamydia trachomatis infection increases greatly during the primary school years (ages 6–10 years). A likely reason for this is
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(A) Frequent adenovirus infections
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(B) Increased incidence of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis
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(C) Cross-reactive antibodies with M protein of group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes)
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(D) Children often have psittacosis
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(E) Frequent infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae
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All of the following statements about lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) are correct except
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(A) Chronic LGV proctitis can lead to rectal strictures and fistula formation.
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(B) The disease is more common in northern latitudes.
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(C) There may be marked systemic symptoms, including fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, and meningismus.
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(D) Chronic inflammation with LGV can lead to lymphatic obstruction.
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(E) Inguinal lymph nodes may become enlarged and matted, draining pus through the skin.
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(F) A few days or weeks after exposure, the disease manifests itself as a genital papule or vesicle.
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Which of the following methods are considered the diagnostic tests of choice for urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?
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(A) Serology using complement fixation
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(B) Cell culture using cycloheximide containing McCoy cells
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(C) Direct fluorescent antibody testing on urethral and cervical specimens
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(D) Nucleic acid amplification methods
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(E) Enzyme immunoassays performed on genital tract specimens
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Nucleic acid amplification tests that are currently available in the United States for diagnosing chlamydial infections are approved for testing all of the following specimens except
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(A) Self-collected vaginal swabs in women
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(B) First void urine samples obtained from men
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(C) Rectal swabs obtained from children 12 years of age or younger
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(D) Urethral swab samples obtained from adult men
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(E) Cervical swab samples obtained from adolescent girls
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Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia most resembles infection caused which of the following organisms?
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(A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
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(B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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(C) Haemophilus influenzae
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(D) Chlamydia trachomatis
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Inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn
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(A) Is a mucopurulent conjunctivitis that occurs 7–12 days after delivery
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(B) Is caused by Chlamydia psittaci
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(C) Is a result of exposure to pet birds in the home
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(D) Is treated with systemic penicillin because it may progress to pneumonia
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The diagnostic method of choice for Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in the newborn is
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(A) A nucleic acid amplification test that targets the ompA gene
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(B) Culture of respiratory secretions in McCoy cells or other cell lines
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(C) Enzyme immunoassay testing of respiratory secretions
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(D) IgG antibodies detected by complement fixation