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Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 27e

Chapter 25: Mycoplasmas and Cell Wall–Defective Bacteria

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Ureaplasma urealyticum is so named because

(A) It thrives in the upper urinary tract.

(B) It requires urea as a growth substrate.

(C) It is a frequent cause of symptomatic urinary bladder infections in young women.

(D) It causes chronic urinary tract infections in premature babies born to mothers with ureaplasmas as part of the genital flora.

An 18-year-old sexually active woman develops left lower quadrant pain and fever. On pelvic examination, she has tenderness in the left adnexa, and a mass suggestive of a uterine tube abscess is palpated. The patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. Which of the following bacteria is considered to be a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease?

(A) Bacillus cereus

(B) Haemophilus influenzae

(C) Neisseria subflava

(D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae

(E) Chlamydia trachomatis

Which of the following is important in the pathogenesis of mycoplasmal infections?

(A) The peptidoglycan in the mycoplasmal cell wall

(B) The presence of lacto-N-neotetraose with a terminal galactosamine as the host cell receptor

(C) The structures and the interactive proteins that mediate adhesion to host cells

(D) The absence of cilia on the surface of the host cells

(E) Growth in an anatomic site where anaerobic organisms thrive

A 25-year-old woman is referred to the sexually transmitted diseases clinic because of contact with a male partner with gonorrhea. The woman has had 15 male sex partners since becoming sexually active. The likelihood that she also has genital Mycoplasma hominis infection is

(A) 1%

(B) 5%

(C) 15%

(D) 40%

(E) 90%

A 25-year-old medical student has contact with a patient who has pneumonia with fever and cough. Four days later, the medical student develops fever and cough, and chest radiographs show consolidation of the right lower lobe. Routine bacterial sputum culture results are negative. Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is considered. All of the following are methods to confirm the clinical suspicion except

(A) PCR amplification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in sputum

(B) Culture of sputum for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

(C) Gram stain of sputum smear

(D) Culture of a lung aspirate for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

(E) Enzyme immunoassay test of acute and convalescent sera

Which type of test is most readily used to obtain laboratory confirmation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?

(A) Culture in broth containing serum, glucose, and a penicillin (to inhibit other flora)

(B) PCR

(C) Electron microscopy

(D) EIA tests on acute and convalescent phase sera

A 13-year-old boy develops infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. What is the risk for infection in other members of his household?

(A) None; it is sexually transmitted

(B) 1–3%

(C) 10–15%

(D) 20–40%

(E) 50–90%

A 19-year-old man develops cough and fever. A chest radiograph shows consolidation of the left lower lobe. A diagnosis of pneumonia is made. Which of the following bacteria is a frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

(A) Legionella pneumophila

(B) Chlamydia pneumoniae

(C) Streptococcus pneumoniae

(D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae

(E) Klebsiella pneumoniae

Initiation of infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae begins with

(A) Elaboration of a polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis

(B) Secretion of a potent exotoxin

(C) Endocytosis by ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

(D) Adherence to respiratory epithelial cells mediated by P1 adhesin

(E) Phagocytic uptake by alveolar macrophages

Infection with Mycoplasma genitalium:

(A) is not restricted to the genitourinary tract.

(B) results in inflammation causing urethritis in males and cervicitis in females.

(C) is best treated with a first-generation cephalosporin.

(D) is associated only with nongonococcal urethritis in males.

(E) is asymptomatic unless a co-infection with Clamydia trachomatis is present.

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Chapter 25: Mycoplasmas and Cell Wall–Defective Bacteria

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