++
Section IV. Occupational and Environmental Exposures
++
++
++
Chronic arsenic ingestion
++
++
++
a. may result in chronic renal failure
++
++
b. causes severe CNS disturbances and mental illness
++
++
c. causes arthralgias and myalgias
++
++
d. may cause cancer of the skin, lung, and bladder
+
++
d. Chronic arsenic inhalation may cause lung cancer, and chronic arsenic ingestion may cause cancer of the skin, lung, and bladder.
++
++
++
++
++
++
a. seldom presents with exertional dyspnea
++
++
b. may develop following a single acute exposure
++
++
c. does not cause chest pain
++
++
d. is associated with parkinsonism
+
++
b. Chronic berylliosis may develop after months or years of exposure or following a single acute exposure.
++
++
++
The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT)
++
++
++
a. confirms sensitization
++
++
b. leaves no room for error or misinterpretation
++
++
c. requires only one borderline test to confirm sensitization
++
++
d. requires two borderline tests to confirm sensitization
+
++
a. The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) confirms sensitization.
++
++
++
Chronic exposure to cadmium
++
++
++
a. may lead to diabetes mellitus
++
++
b. may result in diabetic nephropathy
++
++
c. can result in nephrolithiasis and osteomalacia
++
++
d. is associated with an excess risk of testicular cancer
+
++
c. Renal tubular dysfunction resulting from chronic exposure to cadmium can result in nephrolithiasis and osteomalacia.
++
++
++
Exposures to chromic acid or chromates
++
++
++
a. always lead to immediate symptoms
++
++
b. do not result in cough, chest pain, and dyspnea
++
++
c. may result in chromium-induced asthma
++
++
d. are associated with an increased incidence of bone cancer
+
++
c. Cough, chest pain, and dyspnea may indicate exposure to irritant levels of soluble chromium compounds or the development of chromium-induced asthma.
++
++
++
Acute high-dose lead exposure
++
++
++
a. may induce a hemolytic anemia
++
++