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Appendix II: Maternal Echocardiographic Measurements

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Pregnancy

Left Ventricle

1st Trimester

2nd Trimester

3rd Trimester

Postpartum

Geometry

IVS_d (mm)

7.3 ± 1.0

7.4 ± 1.1

7.8 ± 1.2

7.1 ± 0.9

LVEDD (mm)

45–47.8

47–48.9

47–49.6

46–48.8

LVESD (mm)

28–30

29–30.1

30–30.8

28–30.6

PW_d

6.3 ± 0.7

6.6 ± 0.7

6.9 ± 1.0

6.1 ± 0.6

RWT

0.26–0.36

0.27–0.37

0.28–0.38

0.25–0.35

LV mass (g)

111–121

121–135

136–151

114–119

LV mass (g/m²)

66 ± 13

70 ± 12

76 ± 16

67 ± 11

Systolic function

FS (%)

37–38

76–78

80–85

67–69

SW thickening (%)

47 ± 17

53 ± 16

51 ± 15

54 ± 19

PW thickening (%)

66 ± 16

72 ± 16

74 ± 16

71 ± 14

VCFC (circ/sec)

1.15–0.3

1.18–0.16

1.18–0.12

ESS (g/cm²)

59 ± 9

53 ± 11

52 ± 11

66 ± 12

Diastolic function

Heart rate

75–76

76–78

80–85

67–69

Mitral E wave (m/sec)

0.85 ± 0.13

0.84 ± 0.16

0.77 ± 0.15

0.77 ± 0.11

Mitral A wave (m/sec)

0.5 ± 0.09

0.5 ± 0.1

0.55 ± 0.1

0.46 ± 0.1

Deceleration time (ms)

176 ± 44

188 ± 40

193 ± 33

201 ± 48

IVRT (ms)

90 ±19

79 ± 18

72 ± 16

69 ± 10

E wave duration (ms)

263 ± 50

276 ± 43

282 ± 37

288 ± 48

E and A wave duration (ms)

454 ± 121

412 ± 79

375 ± 63

523 ± 88

Values are ranges or means ± SD.

Circ = circumference; d = diastolic; ESS = end-systolic wall stress; FS = fractional shortening; IVRT = isovolumic relaxation time; IVS_d = interventricular septum–diastole; LV = left ventricle; LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension; PW = posterior wall; RWT = relative wall thickening; SW = septal wall; VCFC = rate-adjusted mean velocity of circumferential fiber thickening.

Data from Savu (62A) and Vitarelli (71A).

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