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eFigure 37–40. Worm blister caused by the head of a female Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis). A: The female Guinea worm induces a painful blister. B: After rupture of the blister, the worm emerges as a whitish filament in the center of a painful ulcer, which is often secondarily infected. (Reproduced with permission from Global 2000/The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia.) 2 photos of a worm blister. Photo A depicts a blister on the foot. Photo B shows the Guinea worm emerging as a whitish filament in the center of the ulcer.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–40. Worm blister caused by the head of a female Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis). A: The female Guinea worm induces a painful blister. B: After rupture of the blister, the worm emerges as a whitish filament in the center of a painful ulcer, which is often secondarily infected. (Reproduced with permission from Global 2000/The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia.) 2 photos of a worm blister. Photo A depicts a blister on the foot. Photo B shows the Guinea worm emerging as a whitish filament in the center of the ulcer.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 37–41. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm). Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods (small crustaceans) that are infected with larvae of D medinensis . Following ingestion, the copepods die and release the larvae, which penetrate the host stomach and intestinal wall and enter the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space . After maturation into adults and copulation, the male worms die and the females (length: 70–120 cm) migrate in the subcutaneous tissues toward the skin surface . Approximately 1 year after infection, the female worm induces a blister on the skin, generally on the distal lower extremity, which ruptures. When this lesion comes into contact with water, a contact that the patient seeks to relieve the local discomfort, the female worm emerges and releases larvae . The larvae are ingested by a copepod and after 2 weeks (and two molts) have developed into infective larvae . Ingestion of the copepods closes the cycle. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of the nematode or roundworm Dracunculus medinensis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Dracunculiasis

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eFigure 9–3. Emphysematous bullae of left lung. A: Posteroanterior projection. B: Pulmonary angiogram. (Reproduced, with permission, from Way LW [editor]. Current Surgical Diagnosis & Treatment, 10th ed. Originally published by Appleton & Lange. Copyright © 1994 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.) A posteroanterior projection of the human lungs shows a bullae in the medial walls of the left lung. A pulmonary angiogram of the lungs shows a bullae in the medial walls of the left lung.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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eFigure 9–3. Emphysematous bullae of left lung. A: Posteroanterior projection. B: Pulmonary angiogram. (Reproduced, with permission, from Way LW [editor]. Current Surgical Diagnosis & Treatment, 10th ed. Originally published by Appleton & Lange. Copyright © 1994 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.) A posteroanterior projection of the human lungs shows a bullae in the medial walls of the left lung. A pulmonary angiogram of the lungs shows a bullae in the medial walls of the left lung.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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eFigure 9–4. Bullous disease. There is almost a complete paucity of lung markings in both lungs. The edge of some bullae can be seen in the left lung. An image of the lungs shows markings in the lower side of each lung.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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eFigure 39–2. Deep frostbite, with the first and second toes showing an ischemic eschar with well-demarcated borders and clearcut margins, and hemorrhagic bullae on the second toe, the third toe showing a clear bulla and surrounding erythema, and the fourth toe showing complete necrosis. (Used, with permission, from Dean SM, Satiani B, Abraham WT. Color Atlas and Synopsis of Vascular Diseases. McGraw-Hill, 2014.) A photo shows mottled and black skin of the first, second, and fourth toes of a patient.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Frostbite

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eFigure 6–40. Herpes simplex. (Used, with permission, from TG Berger, MD, Dept. Dermatology, UCSF.) A photo shows brown blisters, each with a white spot on the lips and chin of a patient.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Herpes Simplex (Cold or Fever Sore; Genital Herpes)

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Figure 6–12. Orolabial herpes simplex showing deroofed blisters (ulcer). (Reproduced with permission from Richard P. Usatine, MD, in Usatine RP, Smith MA, Mayeaux EJ Jr, Chumley H. The Color Atlas of Family Medicine, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2013.) A photo of a pink and white blister on a patient's upper lip.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Herpes Simplex (Cold or Fever Sore; Genital Herpes)

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eFigure 6–87. Contact dermatitis with linear pattern due to poison ivy. (Used, with permission, from TG Berger, MD, Dept Dermatology, UCSF.) A persons hand is covered with small, pale pink, raised blisters clustered on the right side of the hand.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Contact Dermatitis

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Figure 6–28. Severe pompholyx. (Reproduced with permission from Richard P. Usatine, MD, in Usatine RP, Smith MA, Mayeaux EJ Jr, Chumley H. The Color Atlas of Family Medicine, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2013.) A photo of a patient's palm covered with red, raised, and fluid filled blisters.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Pompholyx

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Figure 6–29. Porphyria cutanea tarda of hands in patient with darker skin. (Used, with permission, from Kanade Shinkai, MD.) A patient with porphyria cutanea tarda exhibits pale pink blisters of varying sizes over the dorsal surface of both hands.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

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eFigure 6–90. Pemphigus vulgaris. Bullae and erosions on the forearm. (Used, with permission, from Kanade Shinkai MD.) A patient with pemphigus vulgaris exhibits large, dark bullae and eroded skin lesions with pink underlying tissue on the forearm.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Pemphigus

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eFigure 6–91. Bullous pemphigoid: tense bullae and erosions in flexural areas, typical of bullous pemphigoid. (Used, with permission, from Lindy Fox, MD.) A photo shows multiple brownish-red liquid-filled blisters on the side of a patient's trunk.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Pemphigus

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eFigure 6–92. Bulla—bullous pemphigoid. (Reproduced with permission from Richard P. Usatine, MD in Usatine RP, Smith MA, Mayeaux EJ Jr, Chumley HS. The Color Atlas of Family Medicine, 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2019.) A close-up photo of a bulbous lesion filled with yellowish serous fluid.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Pemphigus

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eFigure 7–24. Primary ocular herpes simplex virus infection. (Used with permission from Steven Goodrich.) A photo shows blisters around the eye.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Infectious Keratitis

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eFigure 7–26. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with involvement of the tip of the nose. A photo shows blisters and skin discoloration on the right side of the patient's forehead and nose.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Infectious Keratitis

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eFigure 22–22. Infected digital ulcer from Raynaud phenomenon. (Used, with permission, from Rebecca L. Manno, MD.) A patient with Raynaud phenomenon has a yellow, fluid filled blister on the palmar surface of a fingertip.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 > Raynaud Phenomenon

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