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Figure 34–4. Secondary syphilis perianal condylomata lata. (Used with permission from Joseph Engelman, MD; San Francisco City Clinic.) A photo shows small lumps around the anus.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Clinical Stages of Syphilis

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eFigure 15–37. Forward view of internal hemorrhoid columns. (Used, with permission, from R. Mclean.) An endoscopy image reveals swollen vasculature around the circumference of the anal opening.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Hemorrhoids

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eFigure 15–38. Location of internal hemorrhoids within distal rectum, proximal to dentate line is confirmed on this colonoscopic retroflex view. (Used, with permission, from A. Huang.) An endoscopy image reveals multiple red and purple, bulbous swellings around the anal opening.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Hemorrhoids

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eFigure 15–39. External hemorrhoid characterized by its location adjacent but external to anal opening and squamous epithelium. (Used, with permission, from Y. Chen.) A photo taken from outside the rectum reveals the protrusion of an internal hemorrhoid appearing as a pale pink protrusion close to the dentate line.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Hemorrhoids

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eFigure 35–27. Life cycle of cestodes. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, or T asiatica. Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces ; the eggs can survive for days to months in the environment. Cattle (T saginata) and pigs (T solium and T asiatica) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids . In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch , invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat . In the human intestine, the cysticercus develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm, which can survive for years. The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside in the small intestine . Length of adult worms is usually 5 M or less for T saginata (however, it may reach up to 25 M) and 2–7 M for T solium. The adults produce proglottids which mature, become gravid, detach from the tapeworm, and migrate to the anus or are passed in the stool (approximately 6 per day). T saginata adults usually have 1000 to 2000 proglottids, while T solium adults have an average of 1000 proglottids. The eggs contained in the gravid proglottids are released after the proglottids are passed with the feces. T saginata may produce up to 100,000, and T solium may produce 50,000 eggs per proglottid respectively. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Taeniasis species.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Noninvasive Cestode Infections

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eFigure 35–27. Life cycle of cestodes. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, or T asiatica. Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces ; the eggs can survive for days to months in the environment. Cattle (T saginata) and pigs (T solium and T asiatica) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids . In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch , invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat . In the human intestine, the cysticercus develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm, which can survive for years. The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside in the small intestine . Length of adult worms is usually 5 M or less for T saginata (however, it may reach up to 25 M) and 2–7 M for T solium. The adults produce proglottids which mature, become gravid, detach from the tapeworm, and migrate to the anus or are passed in the stool (approximately 6 per day). T saginata adults usually have 1000 to 2000 proglottids, while T solium adults have an average of 1000 proglottids. The eggs contained in the gravid proglottids are released after the proglottids are passed with the feces. T saginata may produce up to 100,000, and T solium may produce 50,000 eggs per proglottid respectively. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Taeniasis species.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Noninvasive Cestode Infections

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eFigure 35–27. Life cycle of cestodes. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, or T asiatica. Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces ; the eggs can survive for days to months in the environment. Cattle (T saginata) and pigs (T solium and T asiatica) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids . In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch , invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat . In the human intestine, the cysticercus develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm, which can survive for years. The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside in the small intestine . Length of adult worms is usually 5 M or less for T saginata (however, it may reach up to 25 M) and 2–7 M for T solium. The adults produce proglottids which mature, become gravid, detach from the tapeworm, and migrate to the anus or are passed in the stool (approximately 6 per day). T saginata adults usually have 1000 to 2000 proglottids, while T solium adults have an average of 1000 proglottids. The eggs contained in the gravid proglottids are released after the proglottids are passed with the feces. T saginata may produce up to 100,000, and T solium may produce 50,000 eggs per proglottid respectively. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Taeniasis species.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Noninvasive Cestode Infections

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eFigure 35–27. Life cycle of cestodes. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, or T asiatica. Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces ; the eggs can survive for days to months in the environment. Cattle (T saginata) and pigs (T solium and T asiatica) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids . In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch , invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat . In the human intestine, the cysticercus develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm, which can survive for years. The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside in the small intestine . Length of adult worms is usually 5 M or less for T saginata (however, it may reach up to 25 M) and 2–7 M for T solium. The adults produce proglottids which mature, become gravid, detach from the tapeworm, and migrate to the anus or are passed in the stool (approximately 6 per day). T saginata adults usually have 1000 to 2000 proglottids, while T solium adults have an average of 1000 proglottids. The eggs contained in the gravid proglottids are released after the proglottids are passed with the feces. T saginata may produce up to 100,000, and T solium may produce 50,000 eggs per proglottid respectively. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Taeniasis species.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Noninvasive Cestode Infections

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eFigure 35–27. Life cycle of cestodes. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, or T asiatica. Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces ; the eggs can survive for days to months in the environment. Cattle (T saginata) and pigs (T solium and T asiatica) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids . In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch , invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat . In the human intestine, the cysticercus develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm, which can survive for years. The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside in the small intestine . Length of adult worms is usually 5 M or less for T saginata (however, it may reach up to 25 M) and 2–7 M for T solium. The adults produce proglottids which mature, become gravid, detach from the tapeworm, and migrate to the anus or are passed in the stool (approximately 6 per day). T saginata adults usually have 1000 to 2000 proglottids, while T solium adults have an average of 1000 proglottids. The eggs contained in the gravid proglottids are released after the proglottids are passed with the feces. T saginata may produce up to 100,000, and T solium may produce 50,000 eggs per proglottid respectively. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Taeniasis species.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Noninvasive Cestode Infections

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eFigure 35–27. Life cycle of cestodes. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, or T asiatica. Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces ; the eggs can survive for days to months in the environment. Cattle (T saginata) and pigs (T solium and T asiatica) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids . In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch , invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat . In the human intestine, the cysticercus develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm, which can survive for years. The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside in the small intestine . Length of adult worms is usually 5 M or less for T saginata (however, it may reach up to 25 M) and 2–7 M for T solium. The adults produce proglottids which mature, become gravid, detach from the tapeworm, and migrate to the anus or are passed in the stool (approximately 6 per day). T saginata adults usually have 1000 to 2000 proglottids, while T solium adults have an average of 1000 proglottids. The eggs contained in the gravid proglottids are released after the proglottids are passed with the feces. T saginata may produce up to 100,000, and T solium may produce 50,000 eggs per proglottid respectively. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Taeniasis species.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Noninvasive Cestode Infections

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eFigure 35–27. Life cycle of cestodes. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, or T asiatica. Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces ; the eggs can survive for days to months in the environment. Cattle (T saginata) and pigs (T solium and T asiatica) become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids . In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch , invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat . In the human intestine, the cysticercus develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm, which can survive for years. The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside in the small intestine . Length of adult worms is usually 5 M or less for T saginata (however, it may reach up to 25 M) and 2–7 M for T solium. The adults produce proglottids which mature, become gravid, detach from the tapeworm, and migrate to the anus or are passed in the stool (approximately 6 per day). T saginata adults usually have 1000 to 2000 proglottids, while T solium adults have an average of 1000 proglottids. The eggs contained in the gravid proglottids are released after the proglottids are passed with the feces. T saginata may produce up to 100,000, and T solium may produce 50,000 eggs per proglottid respectively. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Taeniasis species.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Noninvasive Cestode Infections

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eFigure 35–39. Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Eggs are deposited on perianal folds . Self-infection occurs by transferring infective eggs to the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal area . Person-to-person transmission can also occur through handling of contaminated clothes or bed linens. Enterobiasis may also be acquired through surfaces in the environment that are contaminated with pinworm eggs (eg, curtains, carpeting). Some small number of eggs may become airborne and inhaled. These would be swallowed and follow the same development as ingested eggs. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and the adults establish themselves in the colon . The time interval from ingestion of infective eggs to oviposition by the adult females is about 1 month. The life span of the adults is about 2 months. Gravid females migrate nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the skin of the perianal area . The larvae contained inside the eggs develop (the eggs become infective) in 4–6 hours under optimal conditions . Retroinfection, or the migration of newly hatched larvae from the anal skin back into the rectum, may occur but the frequency with which this happens is unknown. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Enterobiasis

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eFigure 35–39. Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Eggs are deposited on perianal folds . Self-infection occurs by transferring infective eggs to the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal area . Person-to-person transmission can also occur through handling of contaminated clothes or bed linens. Enterobiasis may also be acquired through surfaces in the environment that are contaminated with pinworm eggs (eg, curtains, carpeting). Some small number of eggs may become airborne and inhaled. These would be swallowed and follow the same development as ingested eggs. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and the adults establish themselves in the colon . The time interval from ingestion of infective eggs to oviposition by the adult females is about 1 month. The life span of the adults is about 2 months. Gravid females migrate nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the skin of the perianal area . The larvae contained inside the eggs develop (the eggs become infective) in 4–6 hours under optimal conditions . Retroinfection, or the migration of newly hatched larvae from the anal skin back into the rectum, may occur but the frequency with which this happens is unknown. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Enterobiasis

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eFigure 35–39. Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Eggs are deposited on perianal folds . Self-infection occurs by transferring infective eggs to the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal area . Person-to-person transmission can also occur through handling of contaminated clothes or bed linens. Enterobiasis may also be acquired through surfaces in the environment that are contaminated with pinworm eggs (eg, curtains, carpeting). Some small number of eggs may become airborne and inhaled. These would be swallowed and follow the same development as ingested eggs. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and the adults establish themselves in the colon . The time interval from ingestion of infective eggs to oviposition by the adult females is about 1 month. The life span of the adults is about 2 months. Gravid females migrate nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the skin of the perianal area . The larvae contained inside the eggs develop (the eggs become infective) in 4–6 hours under optimal conditions . Retroinfection, or the migration of newly hatched larvae from the anal skin back into the rectum, may occur but the frequency with which this happens is unknown. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Enterobiasis

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eFigure 35–39. Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Eggs are deposited on perianal folds . Self-infection occurs by transferring infective eggs to the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal area . Person-to-person transmission can also occur through handling of contaminated clothes or bed linens. Enterobiasis may also be acquired through surfaces in the environment that are contaminated with pinworm eggs (eg, curtains, carpeting). Some small number of eggs may become airborne and inhaled. These would be swallowed and follow the same development as ingested eggs. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and the adults establish themselves in the colon . The time interval from ingestion of infective eggs to oviposition by the adult females is about 1 month. The life span of the adults is about 2 months. Gravid females migrate nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the skin of the perianal area . The larvae contained inside the eggs develop (the eggs become infective) in 4–6 hours under optimal conditions . Retroinfection, or the migration of newly hatched larvae from the anal skin back into the rectum, may occur but the frequency with which this happens is unknown. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Enterobiasis

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eFigure 35–39. Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Eggs are deposited on perianal folds . Self-infection occurs by transferring infective eggs to the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal area . Person-to-person transmission can also occur through handling of contaminated clothes or bed linens. Enterobiasis may also be acquired through surfaces in the environment that are contaminated with pinworm eggs (eg, curtains, carpeting). Some small number of eggs may become airborne and inhaled. These would be swallowed and follow the same development as ingested eggs. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and the adults establish themselves in the colon . The time interval from ingestion of infective eggs to oviposition by the adult females is about 1 month. The life span of the adults is about 2 months. Gravid females migrate nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the skin of the perianal area . The larvae contained inside the eggs develop (the eggs become infective) in 4–6 hours under optimal conditions . Retroinfection, or the migration of newly hatched larvae from the anal skin back into the rectum, may occur but the frequency with which this happens is unknown. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Enterobiasis

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eFigure 35–39. Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Eggs are deposited on perianal folds . Self-infection occurs by transferring infective eggs to the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal area . Person-to-person transmission can also occur through handling of contaminated clothes or bed linens. Enterobiasis may also be acquired through surfaces in the environment that are contaminated with pinworm eggs (eg, curtains, carpeting). Some small number of eggs may become airborne and inhaled. These would be swallowed and follow the same development as ingested eggs. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and the adults establish themselves in the colon . The time interval from ingestion of infective eggs to oviposition by the adult females is about 1 month. The life span of the adults is about 2 months. Gravid females migrate nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the skin of the perianal area . The larvae contained inside the eggs develop (the eggs become infective) in 4–6 hours under optimal conditions . Retroinfection, or the migration of newly hatched larvae from the anal skin back into the rectum, may occur but the frequency with which this happens is unknown. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Enterobiasis

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eFigure 35–39. Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Eggs are deposited on perianal folds . Self-infection occurs by transferring infective eggs to the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal area . Person-to-person transmission can also occur through handling of contaminated clothes or bed linens. Enterobiasis may also be acquired through surfaces in the environment that are contaminated with pinworm eggs (eg, curtains, carpeting). Some small number of eggs may become airborne and inhaled. These would be swallowed and follow the same development as ingested eggs. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and the adults establish themselves in the colon . The time interval from ingestion of infective eggs to oviposition by the adult females is about 1 month. The life span of the adults is about 2 months. Gravid females migrate nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the skin of the perianal area . The larvae contained inside the eggs develop (the eggs become infective) in 4–6 hours under optimal conditions . Retroinfection, or the migration of newly hatched larvae from the anal skin back into the rectum, may occur but the frequency with which this happens is unknown. (From Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC.) A flowchart of the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Enterobiasis

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eFigure 18–18. Condylomata acuminata of vulvar and perineal skin. (Reproduced, with permission, from DeCherney AH, Nathan L, Laufer N, Roman S. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 12th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2019.) A patient exhibits waxy, white plaques on both sides of the vaginal opening and between the vagina and anus.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Condyloma Acuminata

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eFigure 6–46. Perianal condylomata acuminata. (Reproduced, with permission, from Orkin M, Maibach HI, Dahl MV [editors]. Dermatology. Originally published by Appleton & Lange. Copyright © 1991 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.) A photo illustrating perianal condylomata acuminata shows multiple warts in the anus.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 > Warts

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