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eFigure 18–5. Caput medusae, umbilical hernia. (Reproduced, with permission, from Sherlock S, Summerfield JA. Color Atlas of Liver Disease. Mosby, 1991.) A photo shows a bulge in the umbilicus of a pot belly.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 > Jaundice & Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Biochemical Tests

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eFigure 18–20. Umbilical hernia from severe ascites in decompensated cirrhosis. In addition to marked abdominal distention and bulging flanks, umbilical hernias often develop because of increased intra-abdominal pressure in severe cases of cirrhotic ascites. (Used, with permission, from Neil Mehta, MD.) A photo shows ballooning of the abdomen with a bulge in the umbilicus.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 > Cirrhosis

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eFigure 18–24. Caput medusae in cirrhosis. A consequence of portal hypertension, distended and engorged superficial paraumbilical veins (arrows) that radiate from the umbilicus across the abdomen to join systemic veins, are referred to as a caput medusa (Latin for “head of Medusa”). (Used, with permission, from Neil Mehta, MD.) A photo shows an enlarged abdomen, with green veins visible on the surface.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 > Cirrhosis

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eFigure 20–7. Anterior vaginal prolapse, known as cystocele. (Reproduced, with permission, from DeCherney AH, Nathan L, Laufer N, Roman S. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 12th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2019.) A diagram depicts the surgical opening of the abdomen below the umbilicus. A circular mass projects from the vagina into the open, triangular uterus.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 > Pelvic Organ Prolapse

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