RT Book, Section
A1 Heffner*, John E.
A2 Grippi, Michael A.
A2 Elias, Jack A.
A2 Fishman, Jay A.
A2 Kotloff, Robert M.
A2 Pack, Allan I.
A2 Senior, Robert M.
A2 Siegel, Mark D.
SR Print(0)
ID 1129858041
T1 Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
T2 Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 5e
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-179672-9
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1129858041
RD 2024/04/23
AB Nonmalignant  pleural  effusions  develop  as  a  consequence  of  diverse  extrapleural  conditions  that  secondarily  affect  the  pleural  space.  These  disorders  include  systemic  diseases  (e.g.,  lupus),  disorders  of  individual  organ  systems  (e.g.,  chronic  pancreatitis,  congestive  heart  failure  [CHF]),  trauma  and  surgery,  and  iatrogenic  interventions  (e.g.,  drug  related).  Pleural  fluid  (PF)  collects  by  one  or  more  mechanisms:  (1)  pleural  injury  that  causes  increased  pleural  membrane  permeability  and  protein-rich  exudates,  (2)  increased  intravascular  hydrostatic  forces  and/or  decreased  oncotic  forces  that  cause  protein-poor  transudates,  and  (3)  extravasation  of  fluid  from  lymphatic  or  vascular  structures  or  from  an  adjacent  body  compartment  into  the  pleural  space.1