RT Book, Section
A1 Nana-Sinkam, Serge P.
A1 Croce, Carlo M.
A2 Murray, Michael F.
A2 Babyatsky, Mark W.
A2 Giovanni, Monica A.
A2 Alkuraya, Fowzan S.
A2 Stewart, Douglas R.
SR Print(0)
ID 1102707460
T1 MicroRNA in Cancer
T2 Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care
YR 2014
FD 2014
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071622448
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1102707460
RD 2024/04/19
AB Summary:(miRNAs  or  miRs)  are  18  to  25  noncoding  RNAs  that  have  the  capacity  to  regulate  mRNA  through  degradation  or  inhibition  of  translation.  miRNAs  represent  only  one  member  of  a  larger  family  of  noncoding  RNAs  many  of  whose  function  has  yet  to  be  elucidated.Given  the  potential  redundancy  between  a  miRNA  sequence  (“seed”  sequence)  and  multiple  target  mRNA  sequences,  miRNA  can  simultaneously  target  tens  to  hundreds  of  genes.  As  a  result,  it  is  estimated  that  more  than  30%  of  the  human  genome  is  targeted  by  miRNA.miRNAs  have  been  implicated  in  the  regulation  of  fundamental  cellular  processes  including  differentiation,  growth,  survival,  and  angiogenesis.While,  patterns  of  miRNA  expression  are  being  used  for  both  diagnostic  and  therapeutic  purposes,  several  challenges  remain  in  the  translation  or  miRNA  biology  to  targeted  therapies.MicroRNA  as  diagnostic  and  prognostic  biomarkers:The  global  deregulation  of  miRNAs  across  malignancies  supports  their  role  in  tumor  development.  These  patterns  of  expression  are  being  leveraged  for  both  diagnostic  and  prognostic  purposes.Therapeutic  applications  for  microRNA:Given  their  capacity  to  simultaneously  regulate  multiple  genes  and  thus  essential  biologic  functions,  miRNAs  are  reasonable  candidates  as  targeted  therapies.  However,  both  minimizing  off-target  effects  as  well  as  achieving  target  organ  or  disease  specificity  are  important  challenges  to  effective  miRNA  therapy.Delivery  systems:The  majority  of  miRNA-based  approaches  to  therapy  have  been  conducted  in  vitro  and  in  animal  models  of  disease  are  still  far  from  reaching  human  application.  However,  in  one  case,  systemic  delivery  of  miRNA-based  agents  has  now  reached  clinical  trial.  Currently,  a  pharmaceutical-led  clinical  trial  targeting  the  liver-specific  miR-122  (SPC3649)  is  being  tested  as  a  therapy  for  Hepatitis  C.miRNAs  and  chemotherapeutics:miRNAs  may  also  have  a  role  as  either  predictors  or  modifiers  of  response  to  traditional  therapeutic  agents.