RT Book, Section
A1 Motley, W. Walker
A1 Asbury, Taylor
A2 Riordan-Eva, Paul
A2 Cunningham, Emmett T.
SR Print(0)
ID 55783287
T1 Chapter 12. Strabismus
T2 Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18e
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-163420-5
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55783287
RD 2024/04/20
AB Under  normal  binocular  viewing  conditions,  the  image  of  the  object  of  regard  falls  simultaneously  on  the  fovea  of  each  eye  (bifoveal  fixation)  and  the  vertical  retinal  meridians  are  both  upright.  Any  ocular  misalignment,  such  that  only  one  eye  views  the  object  of  regard  with  the  correct  vertical  orientation,  is  called  “strabismus.”  The  misalignment  may  be  in  any  direction—inward,  outward,  up,  down,  or  torsional.  The  amount  of  deviation  is  the  angle  by  which  the  deviating  eye  is  misaligned.  Strabismus  present  under  binocular  viewing  conditions  is  manifest  strabismus,  heterotropia,  or  tropia  (see  Box  12.1  for  definitions).  A  deviation  present  only  after  binocular  vision  has  been  interrupted  (eg,  by  occlusion  of  one  eye)  is  called  latent  strabismus,  heterophoria,  or  phoria.