RT Book, Section A1 Jajoo, Kunal A1 Saltzman, John R. A2 Greenberger, Norton J. A2 Blumberg, Richard S. A2 Burakoff, Robert SR Print(0) ID 55956645 T1 Chapter 12. Barrett Esophagus T2 CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Endoscopy, 2e YR 2012 FD 2012 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-176848-1 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55956645 RD 2024/04/24 AB Replacement of normal squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus with specialized intestinal metaplasia.Endoscopy and biopsy are essential for an accurate diagnosis.Presence of high-grade dysplasia should be confirmed by two expert gastrointestinal pathologists.Risk factors for progression to adenocarcinoma include a large hiatal hernia, long segment of Barrett esophagus, and mucosal abnormalities (nodules, ulcerations, or strictures).