RT Book, Section A1 Nurcombe, Barry A2 Ebert, Michael H. A2 Loosen, Peter T. A2 Nurcombe, Barry A2 Leckman, James F. SR Print(0) ID 3282342 T1 Chapter 12. Diagnostic Formulation, Treatment Planning, and Modes of Treatment in Children and Adolescents T2 CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 2e YR 2008 FD 2008 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-142292-5 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=3282342 RD 2024/04/24 AB The diagnostic formulation summarizes and integrates relevant issues from the biopsychosocial, developmental, and temporal axes. The biopsychosocial axis refers to multiple systems, from molecular to sociocultural, that interact constantly and are manifest in current objective behavior and subjective experience. The developmental axis is applied to different levels of the biopsychosocial axis in order to determine whether each level is developmentally normal, delayed, advanced, or deviant. The temporal axis refers to the ontogenesis of the individual from his or her origins to the present and beyond.