RT Book, Section
A1 Johnston-MacAnanny, Erika B.
A1 Patel, Bansari G.
A1 Taylor, Robert N.
A2 Hammer, Gary D.
A2 McPhee, Stephen J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1156660478
T1 Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract
T2 Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 8e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260026504
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1156660478
RD 2024/04/19
AB Disorders  of  the  female  reproductive  system  can  occur  as  a  result  of  disease  in  one  of  the  many  reproductive  organs:  the  ovaries,  the  fallopian  tubes,  the  uterus,  the  cervix,  the  vagina,  or  the  breast.  During  the  reproductive  years,  these  disorders  often  present  as  altered  menstruation,  pelvic  pain,  or  infertility.  Cancers  arising  in  these  tissues  occur  more  often  in  the  late  reproductive  or  menopausal  years.  Unfortunately,  for  several  reasons,  they  often  have  high  mortality  rates  and  a  high  incidence  of  metastases  when  diagnosed.  Some  organs  are  located  deep  and  are  relatively  inaccessible  to  palpation  (ovaries).  Others  have  few  sensory  nerves  (ovary,  fallopian  tubes)  and  hence  remain  asymptomatic.  Additionally,  the  breasts  have  large  amounts  of  adipose  tissue,  which  can  make  early  detection  of  breast  cancer  difficult.  The  one  exception  is  the  uterine  cervix.  Its  easy  access  enables  screening  by  use  of  the  Papanicolaou  smear  and  human  papillomavirus  (HPV)  testing;  this  screening  has  led  to  a  dramatically  reduced  mortality  rate  of  cervical  cancer.