RT Book, Section
A1 Jameson, J. Larry
A1 Longo, Dan L.
A2 Jameson, J. Larry
A2 Fauci, Anthony S.
A2 Kasper, Dennis L.
A2 Hauser, Stephen L.
A2 Longo, Dan L.
A2 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1160012181
T1 Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic
T2 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259644016
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160012181
RD 2024/04/25
AB Neoplastic  cells  can  produce  a  variety  of  products  that  can  stimulate  hormonal,  hematologic,  dermatologic,  rheumatologic,  renal,  and  neurologic  responses.  Paraneoplastic  syndromes  is  the  term  used  to  refer  to  the  disorders  that  accompany  benign  or  malignant  tumors  but  are  not  directly  related  to  mass  effects  or  invasion.  Tumors  of  neuroendocrine  origin,  such  as  small-cell  lung  carcinoma  (SCLC)  and  carcinoids  are  common  causes  of  paraneoplastic  syndromes,  and  produce  a  wide  array  of  peptide  hormones  and  antibodies.  However,  almost  every  type  of  tumor  has  the  potential  to  produce  hormones  or  to  induce  cytokine  and  immunologic  responses.  Careful  studies  of  the  prevalence  of  paraneoplastic  syndromes  indicate  that  they  are  more  common  than  is  generally  appreciated.  The  signs,  symptoms,  and  metabolic  alterations  associated  with  paraneoplastic  disorders  may  be  overlooked  in  the  context  of  a  malignancy  and  its  treatment.  Consequently,  atypical  clinical  manifestations  in  a  patient  with  cancer  should  prompt  consideration  of  a  paraneoplastic  syndrome.  The  most  common  hormonal  and  hematologic  syndromes  associated  with  underlying  neoplasia  will  be  discussed  here.