RT Book, Section
A1 Hirano, Ikuo
A1 Kahrilas, Peter J.
A2 Jameson, J. Larry
A2 Fauci, Anthony S.
A2 Kasper, Dennis L.
A2 Hauser, Stephen L.
A2 Longo, Dan L.
A2 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1155943266
T1 Dysphagia
T2 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259644016
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155943266
RD 2024/04/19
AB Dysphagia—difficulty  with  swallowing—refers  to  problems  with  the  transit  of  food  or  liquid  from  the  mouth  to  the  hypopharynx  or  through  the  esophagus.  Severe  dysphagia  can  compromise  nutrition,  cause  aspiration,  and  reduce  quality  of  life.  Additional  terminology  pertaining  to  swallowing  dysfunction  is  as  follows.  Aphagia  (inability  to  swallow)  typically  denotes  complete  esophageal  obstruction,  most  commonly  encountered  in  the  acute  setting  of  a  food  bolus  or  foreign  body  impaction.  Odynophagia  refers  to  painful  swallowing,  typically  resulting  from  mucosal  ulceration  within  the  oropharynx  or  esophagus.  It  commonly  is  accompanied  by  dysphagia,  but  the  converse  is  not  true.  Globus  pharyngeus  is  a  foreign  body  sensation  localized  in  the  neck  that  does  not  interfere  with  swallowing  and  sometimes  is  relieved  by  swallowing.  Transfer  dysphagia  frequently  results  in  nasal  regurgitation  and  pulmonary  aspiration  during  swallowing  and  is  characteristic  of  oropharyngeal  dysphagia.  Phagophobia  (fear  of  swallowing)  and  refusal  to  swallow  may  be  psychogenic  or  related  to  anticipatory  anxiety  about  food  bolus  obstruction,  odynophagia,  or  aspiration.