RT Book, Section
A1 Kasper, Dennis L.
A1 Fauci, Anthony S.
A1 Hauser, Stephen L.
A1 Longo, Dan L.
A1 Jameson, J. Larry
A1 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1128783501
T1 Breast Cancer
T2 Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 19e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071828529
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128783501
RD 2024/04/24
AB The  most  common  tumor  in  women;  234,190  women  in  the  United  States  were  diagnosed  in  2015  and  40,730  died  with  breast  cancer.  Men  also  get  breast  cancer;  F:M  is  150:1.  Breast  cancer  is  hormone  dependent.  Women  with  late  menarche,  early  menopause,  and  first  full-term  pregnancy  by  age  18  years  have  a  significantly  reduced  risk.  The  average  American  woman  has  about  a  one  in  nine  lifetime  risk  of  developing  breast  cancer.  Dietary  fat  is  a  controversial  risk  factor.  Oral  contraceptives  have  little,  if  any,  effect  on  risk  and  lower  the  risk  of  endometrial  and  ovarian  cancer.  Voluntary  interruption  of  pregnancy  does  not  increase  risk.  Estrogen  replacement  therapy  may  slightly  increase  the  risk,  but  the  beneficial  effects  of  estrogen  on  quality  of  life,  bone  mineral  density,  and  decreased  risk  of  colorectal  cancer  appear  to  be  somewhat  outnumbered  by  increases  in  cardiovascular  and  thrombotic  diseases.  Women  who  received  therapeutic  radiation  before  age  30  years  are  at  increased  risk.  Breast  cancer  risk  is  increased  when  a  sister  and  mother  also  had  the  disease.