TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Nephrolithiasis
A1  - Kasper, Dennis L.
A1  - Fauci, Anthony S.
A1  - Hauser, Stephen L.
A1  - Longo, Dan L.
A1  - Jameson, J. Larry
A1  - Loscalzo, Joseph
PY  - 2016
T2  - Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 19e
AB  - Renal  calculi  are  common,  affecting  ~1%  of  the  population,  and  recurrent  in  more  than  half  of  pts.  Stone  formation  begins  when  urine  becomes  supersaturated  with  insoluble  components  due  to  (1)  low  urinary  volume,  (2)  excessive  or  insufficient  excretion  of  selected  compounds,  or  (3)  other  factors  (e.g.,  urinary  pH)  that  diminish  solubility.  Approximately  75%  of  stones  are  Ca-based  (the  majority  Ca  oxalate;  also  Ca  phosphate  and  other  mixed  stones),  15%  struvite  (magnesium-ammonium-phosphate),  5%  uric  acid,  and  1%  cystine,  reflecting  the  metabolic  disturbance(s)  from  which  they  arise.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128786788
ER  -