TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Pericardial Disease
A1  - Braunwald, Eugene
A2  - Jameson, J. Larry
A2  - Fauci, Anthony S.
A2  - Kasper, Dennis L.
A2  - Hauser, Stephen L.
A2  - Longo, Dan L.
A2  - Loscalzo, Joseph
Y1  - 2018
N1  - 
T2  - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
AB  - The  normal  pericardium  is  a  double-layered  sac;  the  visceral  pericardium  is  a  serous  membrane  that  is  separated  from  the  fibrous  parietal  pericardium  by  a  small  quantity  (15–50  mL)  of  fluid,  an  ultrafiltrate  of  plasma.  The  normal  pericardium,  by  exerting  a  restraining  force,  prevents  sudden  dilation  of  the  cardiac  chambers,  especially  the  right  atrium  and  ventricle,  during  exercise  and  with  hypervolemia.  It  also  restricts  the  anatomic  position  of  the  heart,  and  probably  retards  the  spread  of  infections  from  the  lungs  and  pleural  cavities  to  the  heart.  Nevertheless,  total  absence  of  the  pericardium,  either  congenital  or  after  surgery,  does  not  produce  obvious  clinical  disease.  In  partial  left  pericardial  defects,  the  main  pulmonary  artery  and  left  atrium  may  bulge  through  the  defect;  very  rarely,  herniation  and  subsequent  strangulation  of  the  left  atrium  may  cause  sudden  death.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155974634
ER  -