TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Lupus Nephritis
A1  - Balow, James E.
A2  - Lerma, Edgar V.
A2  - Rosner, Mitchell H.
A2  - Perazella, Mark A.
Y1  - 2017
N1  - 
T2  - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Nephrology & Hypertension, 2e
AB  - ESSENTIALS  OF  DIAGNOSISSystemic  lupus  erythematosus  (SLE):  this  diagnosis  is  based  on  presence  of  at  least  four  clinical  and  laboratory  features:  rash,  photosensitivity,  mucosal  ulcers,  arthritis,  serositis  or  renal,  neurologic,  hematologic,  immunologic  disorder,  or  antinuclear  antibody;  while  not  formal  criteria,  complement  components,  C3  and/or  C4,  are  commonly  depressed.Lupus  nephritis  (LN):  this  diagnosis  often  represents  an  exception  to  the  usual  basal  requirement  for  a  formal  diagnosis  SLE  based  on  systemic  disease  criteria;  diagnosis  of  LN  is  made  on  the  basis  of  urinary  findings  (hematuria,  cellular  casts,  and/or  proteinuria),  autoantibodies  (antinuclear  and/or  anti-DNA),  and  kidney  biopsy  showing  immune  complex  mediated  glomerulonephritis.LN  spans  a  spectrum  of  pathology  and  cases  are  assigned  to  one  of  six  major  classes,  along  with  semiquantitative  scores  to  reflect  degrees  of  activity  and  chronicity.Deposition  of  nephritogenic  immune  complexes  that  characteristically  starts  in  the  mesangium  may  extend  into  the  subendothelial  space  in  the  case  of  proliferative  LN,  or  presumptively  qualitatively  different  types  of  immune  complexes  may  form  in  the  subepithelial  space  in  the  case  of  membranous  nephropathy,  along  tubular  basement  membranes  in  the  case  of  interstitial  nephritis,  or  in  vascular  bed  in  the  case  of  lupus  vasculopathy.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/23
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1149114401
ER  -