TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Outdoor Air Pollution
A1  - Balmes, John R.
A2  - LaDou, Joseph
A2  - Harrison, Robert J.
PY  - 2013
T2  - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment:  Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 5e
AB  - The  dramatic  air  pollution  episodes  that  occurred  in  the  early  part  of  the  twentieth  century  in  Belgium's  Meuse  Valley,  Donora,  Pennsylvania,  and  London,  England,  are  not  likely  to  occur  in  the  world  today.  These  episodes  were  caused  by  the  large-scale  burning  of  coal  in  the  presence  of  “ideal”  meteorologic  conditions—atmospheric  inversion  leading  to  a  stagnant  air  mass.  A  clearly  evident  excess  mortality  was  observed  during  and  after  these  episodes.  Current  air  quality  standards  in  North  America  preclude  the  development  of  episodes  of  this  magnitude  today.  However,  certain  environmental  air  pollutants,  such  as  ozone  and  respirable  particles,  do  reach  levels  that  may  cause  acute  and  chronic  respiratory  effects.  Furthermore,  in  some  eastern  European  and  Asian  countries,  where  sulfur-containing  fuels  are  burned  without  adequate  air  quality  regulations,  air  pollution  levels  may  be  attained  similar  to  those  that  were  associated  with  excess  mortality.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1104108671
ER  -