TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Disordered Sleep and Reproductive Dysfunction
A1  - Yuen, Fiona
A1  - James, Amy
A1  - Wallace, Jeanne
A1  - Liu, Peter Y.
A2  - Bhasin, Shalender
A2  - O’Leary, Michael P.
A2  - Basaria, Shehzad S.
PY  - 2021
T2  - Essentials of Men’s Health
AB  - Normal  sleep  in  adult  humans  is  organized  into  cycles  of  non–rapid  eye  movement  (NREM)  sleep  alternating  with  rapid  eye  movement  (REM)  sleep.  NREM  sleep  is  further  divided  into  stages  1,  2,  and  3,  which  are  transitions  as  sleep  deepens  and  which  represent  progressive  slowing  of  the  electroencephalogram  (EEG).  Stages  1,  2,  and  3  of  NREM  sleep  and  REM  sleep  each  can  be  identified  by  eye  movements,  characteristic  EEG  frequencies  and  patterns,  and  muscle  tone.  Stage  3  NREM  sleep,  also  known  as  “slow  wave  sleep”  (SWS),  is  associated  with  decreased  heart  rate,  blood  pressure,  and  sympathetic  nervous  system  activity,  as  well  as  with  decreased  cerebral  glucose  utilization,  growth  hormone  and  prolactin  release,  and  inhibition  of  cortisol  secretion.  Accordingly,  SWS  is  the  stage  of  sleep  that  is  most  highly  metabolically  and  hormonally  active.  On  the  other  hand,  REM  sleep  is  required  for  memory  consolidation,  and  is  the  stage  of  sleep  during  which  vivid  dreaming  occurs.  Staging  of  sleep  is  important  because  different  sleep  stages  may  serve  different  biological  functions.  Each  sleep  cycle  is  approximately  90  to  120  minutes  in  duration.  Stage  3  NREM  sleep  occurs  predominately  during  the  first  half  of  the  biological  night  (based  on  each  individual’s  circadian  rhythm),  whereas  REM  periods  typically  increase  in  length  and  occurrence  as  the  biological  night  progresses  (Fig.  11-1).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/25
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1174515611
ER  -